Selection of bovine images from Problem of definition: beef and cows.
Students peruse 24 images categorizing them as “beef” or “cow,” placing them in two piles according to their designation. Next, from the “cow” images they select the most “cow-like.” The idea is that there are central, and more marginal cases of what can be acceptably designated to the cow category. Finally. they determine the single most “beef-like” or “beef-ish” of the “beef” images.

Banner photo: Detail from Homunculus (2024) Oil painting by the author.